Posted on November 13th, 2022.

If you click on this article, you’re probably curious about the benefits of massage. Maybe, as you're reading this, you're trying to figure out why your shoulders hunch and your neck is so tight it feels like it might snap. Or perhaps you’re just one of those people who find massages pleasurable. Whether you’re craving a loving rubdown from someone you trust (including from yourself) or a professional massage therapy session, lots of people enjoy a good massage now and again. But what exactly counts as a massage, are there different types, and what are the possible benefits of a massage? Here, we talked to two massage therapists to better understand what you mean when you sigh and say, “I could go for a massage right now.”

What is a massage?

“Massage therapy is systematically and strategically manipulating the soft tissues of the human body to produce a relaxed state, as well as alleviating things like pain, discomfort, anxiety, and fatigue,” Christopher Deery, a licensed massage therapist who is board-certified for therapeutic massage and bodywork, tells SELF.

This working definition covers a broad range of different massage styles and techniques, Deery explains.”After graduation from massage school, [massage therapists] can go and explore different types of knowledge to suit their own personal practice.” But self-massage and massages between couples do have some benefits, and during a pandemic, they are worth trying out if you’re interested and able.

Okay, so what are the different types of massage?

There are a bunch of different types, but here are a few of the more common massage therapy styles:

Swedish massage is a more gentle massage that helps you relax, the Mayo Clinic explains. During this massage, your therapist might try using long strokes, kneading, and deeper circular movements.

Deep massage involves a little more pressure with slower strokes meant to get to deeper muscle layers and tissue, the Mayo Clinic says. This might be the type of massage you ask for when you have an injury.

Sports massage is very similar to Swedish massage, the Mayo Clinic explains. Athletes who are recovering from injury, and those who might want to prevent injuries, can find benefits in this type of massage, the Mayo Clinic says.

Trigger point massage, according to the Mayo Clinic, focuses on areas where there is tightness and tension and works to alleviate that pressure.

Self-massages can help you relieve tension and manage post-workout soreness whether you reach for a massager like the Theragun ($399, Theragun), a foam roller, or you simply use your hands.

Because the field is so broad, it’s important to be clear about what type of massage you’re after. “It's not cookie-cutter. We don't all have the exact same specializations,” Angela Barker, a massage therapist who is board-certified for therapeutic massage and bodywork, tells SELF. ”So do your homework, make some phone calls, look at their websites, and ask questions.”

Here are 10 benefits of massage.

If you enjoy massages in spa-like environments, that’s more than enough reason to keep getting them when it’s safe to do so in the future. But if you're wondering whether or not massages have other benefits for people with medical conditions—or if the amateur rubdowns you love so much are doing anything—it turns out they can be helpful, depending on the circumstances.

But let’s not get carried away. Even though there is research to support the benefits of a massage, you can’t just book a massage in lieu of seeking medical attention. And, while trying to massage your head to manage an occasional headache or gently kneading your abdomen to relieve a stomach ache might be doable, it’s best to talk with a professional if you’re looking to alleviate pain caused by a medical condition (even if you’re just chatting with a therapist to get self-massage tips). Additionally, you should talk to your primary care doctor before booking a massage for a specific ailment, or a specialist you see for the condition in question. That said, there’s research to support that massage therapy can help with the following:

1. Stress-relief and relaxation

The number one benefit of massage is stress-relief, Deery explains. We need more research to figure out exactly how much massage therapy reduces stress-hormones like cortisol, but anecdotal evidence suggests that massages can help lower stress and encourage relaxation.

2. Intimacy between couples

Physical touch does more than simply feel good. As SELF previously reported, several studies suggest that physical touch can lower blood pressure and increase hormones like oxytocin, which makes us feel good. And a small 2020 study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that massages that couples give each other are beneficial for the giver and the receiver. So, even if you’re not looking for a medical massage, if you have a partner and are looking to bond a bit, it’s not a bad idea to break out some massage oil and use it on them (or vice versa).

3. Constipation relief

If you’re dealing with constipation or other digestive issues, a stomach massage might help alleviate some of your discomfort. A 2016 study published in Gastroenterology Nursing found that abdominal massages helped people dealing with post-surgery constipation move their bowels and feel a little better.

4. Fibromyalgia pain management

People with fibromyalgia experience chronic pain as well as sleep, memory, and mood symptoms. While massage therapy isn’t a cure for the condition, the Mayo Clinic says that it is a complementary treatment (along with medication, counseling, and physical therapy). Keep in mind, however, that, in some cases, massage therapy can make your pain worse, the Mayo Clinic explains. It’s best to chat with your primary care doctor about the potential benefits of massage for fibromyalgia, and make sure you discuss your condition with your massage therapist beforehand.

5. Tension headache relief

A tension headache, or concentration headache, can feel like there’s a tight band wrapped around your head, the Mayo Clinic explains. The cause isn’t fully understood, but there is evidence that massages can provide relief for this kind of headache, the Mayo Clinic says. Specifically, it helps relieve muscle tension in your head, neck, and shoulders (which might alleviate your headache symptoms).

6. Insomnia (related to stress)

As we mentioned above, massages positively impact stress, and diminished stress levels can help encourage sleep (though there are other sleep hygiene habits—like having a bedtime ritual and reducing screen time before bed—you might want to explore as well).

7. Myofascial pain syndrome management

Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic pain condition where pressure on your muscles can cause pain (sometimes in places that don’t seem related), the Mayo Clinic explains. Though there’s no cure for it, some patients do find benefit from having a physical therapist or massage therapist work on the areas where they’re experiencing pain to relieve muscle tension, the Mayo Clinic explains.

8. Muscle soreness and strain

When your muscles are sore and inflamed, a massage can help bring blood flow to the area (and encourage recovery), according to a 2015 meta-analysis study published in Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine.

9. Temporary arthritis and joint pain relief

Arthritis involves swelling and pain in your joints, the Mayo Clinic says. As your massage therapist kneads and massages muscles, blood flows to your joints, which might provide some temporary relief, the Mayo Clinic explains. Be sure to mention that you have arthritis before your massage therapy session so that your therapist can walk you through how you might work together.

10. Circulation during pregnancy

Getting a massage during pregnancy can improve circulation, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Just make sure you check with your doctor before booking an appointment and be sure to tell your massage therapist that you’re pregnant (even if you’re not showing).

Here’s what to expect from a massage therapy session.

After you’ve figured out exactly what you’re hoping to get from your massage therapy sessions (whether it’s pain management or just a spa-like experience), Barker and Deery both suggest using the American Massage Therapy Association’s therapist locator to find someone qualified in your area. Barker also points out that not all states require licenses for massage therapists, so you’ll want to make sure that your therapist is professionally trained.

Letting someone put their hands on your body is an incredibly personal experience, and COVID-19 further complicates that. Though Deery points out that massage therapists aren’t essential workers, some states have recommendations that therapists must adhere to. If you live in a state that doesn’t, you’re absolutely allowed to ask your therapist about the precautions they’re taking, Barker says, adding that communication should be the main feature throughout your entire experience.

Your therapist will discuss what you're coming to see them for, they'll ask you about the level of undress that you feel comfortable with, and they should check-in with you to make sure that they are applying an appropriate amount of pressure throughout the massage.

The most important thing to remember is that you’re allowed to speak up if something feels off or you don’t like what they’re doing. “I use the term partnership a lot, but it really is a partnership,” Barker explains, “And the more that you communicate with one another, the better it’s going to be.”

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